WAEC GCE 2025 GEOGRAPHY ANSWERS 

(1a)
(i)East Asia
(ii)South Asia

(1b)
(i)Favorable climate: Most areas have a temperate or subtropical climate suitable for agriculture.
(ii)Fertile land: River valleys (like the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers) have rich, alluvial soils ideal for intensive farming.
(iii)Long history of settlement: Established civilizations and agricultural practices have supported large populations for millennia.
(iv)Economic opportunities: Rapid industrialization and urbanization in recent decades have created numerous jobs, attracting more people to cities.

(1c)
(i)Overcrowding and strain on infrastructure: Leads to congestion in transport, housing shortages, and inadequate public services like water and sanitation.
(ii)Environmental degradation: Causes increased pollution (air, water, and land), deforestation, and loss of biodiversity.
(iii)Resource depletion: Puts immense pressure on natural resources such as water, energy, and food supplies.
(iv)Unemployment and poverty: High competition for jobs can lead to higher unemployment rates and increased poverty levels in dense urban areas.
(v)Social problems: Can lead to increased crime rates, social tension, and the development of slums or informal settlements with poor living conditions.

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(2a)
(i)Abundant Natural Resources: The Northeastern region historically had access to resources like coal, iron ore, and water power, which were crucial for early industrial development.
(ii)Access to Transportation: The region’s access to ports, rivers, and, later, railroads facilitated the movement of raw materials and finished goods, reducing transportation costs and increasing market reach.
(iii)Skilled Labor Force: The Northeastern states attracted a large influx of immigrants, providing a ready supply of skilled and unskilled labor for factories and industries.
(iv)Capital and Investment: The region’s financial centers, like New York City, provided access to capital and investment, which was essential for funding industrial expansion.
(v)Technological Innovation: The Northeast was a hub of technological innovation, with numerous inventions and advancements that drove industrial growth, such as the development of the steam engine and textile machinery.

(2b)
(i)Job Creation: The establishment of industries creates employment opportunities, reducing unemployment rates and improving the standard of living.
(ii)Economic Growth: Industrialization contributes to economic growth by increasing production, exports, and overall economic activity.
(iii)Skill Development: Industries provide opportunities for workers to acquire new skills and knowledge, leading to a more skilled labor force.
(iv)Infrastructure Development: The growth of industries often leads to investment in infrastructure, such as roads, ports, and power plants, which benefits the entire economy.
(v)Technology Transfer: The presence of industries can facilitate the transfer of technology and knowledge from developed countries, boosting innovation and productivity.

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(3a)
Immigration is the movement of people into a country or area from another country for the purpose of living there permanently or for a long time. WHILE Emigration is the movement of people out of a country or area to another country to live there permanently or for a long time.

(3b)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) Lack of employment in rural areas: Many rural areas have few job opportunities, so people move to towns in search of paid employment.
(ii) Better educational facilities in cities: Urban centers have more schools, colleges, and universities, attracting young people from villages.
(iii) Better health care services: Cities have hospitals, clinics, and qualified medical personnel, unlike many rural areas.
(iv) Higher standard of living in urban areas: Urban areas provide better housing, electricity, water supply, and other social amenities.
(v) Industrial and commercial development: Industries and businesses are mostly located in cities and provide employment opportunities.
(vi) Rural poverty and poor living conditions: Many rural dwellers live in poverty and move to cities hoping for a better life.

(3c)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Provision of basic social amenities in rural areas: Government should provide electricity, good roads, pipe-borne water, and health centers in villages.
(ii) Creation of employment opportunities in rural areas: Establishment of agro-based industries and small-scale industries will reduce job search in cities.
(iii) Improvement of agricultural activities: Providing loans, fertilizers, modern farm tools, and extension services will make farming attractive.
(iv) Establishment of schools and training centers in rural areas: This will reduce educational migration.
(v) Rural development programmes: Government should implement rural development projects such as housing schemes and skill acquisition centers.
(vi) Decentralization of industries and government offices: Moving industries and offices to rural areas will attract people to stay back.