Waec 2026 Agriculture Answers
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- Tuesday, 2nd June 2026
- Agriculture 2 (Essay) 2:00pm – 4:10pm
- Agriculture 1 (Objective) 4:10pm – 5:00pm
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Waec 2026 Agriculture Answers
NUMBER 1
(1ai)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) It reduces the supply of labour for farm work.
(ii) It leads to a decline in agricultural production.
(iii) It causes abandonment of farmlands.
(iv) It increases the average age of farmers in rural areas.
(v) It reduces the number of young people interested in farming.
(vi) It leads to shortage of skilled farm workers.
(vii) It slows down agricultural development in rural communities.
(viii) It reduces food production and food supply.
(1aii)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) It results in low crop yields and livestock productivity.
(ii) It reduces the efficiency of farm operations.
(iii) It limits the use of improved farming techniques.
(iv) It lowers farmers’ income and output.
(v) It discourages large-scale farming.
(vi) It increases the cost of agricultural production.
(vii) It reduces the quality of farm produce.
(viii) It leads to poor growth and development of crops.
(1aiii)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) It leads to high post-harvest losses.
(ii) It causes spoilage of farm produce.
(iii) It reduces the quality of agricultural products.
(iv) It lowers the market value of produce.
(v) It discourages farmers from increasing production.
(vi) It leads to scarcity of food during off-seasons.
(vii) It reduces farmers’ profits and income.
(viii) It encourages pest and disease infestation of stored produce.
(1b)
(PICK ANY ONE)
Farm tools are simple hand-operated implements used for carrying out farming operations and do not require an engine or motor to function, eg hoes, cutlasses, rakes, and spades WHILE Farm machinery are complex mechanical devices powered by engines, motors, or tractors and are used to perform farm operations more efficiently on a larger scale, eg, ploughs, harvesters, etc.
OR
Farm tools are simple, small and inexpensive agricultural implements used manually by farmers to perform various farm activities. Whereas, Farm machinery are large and expensive mechanical equipment which are powered by engines, used in agriculture to carry out farm operations with less human effort
(1c)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Clearing bushes, trees, and stumps from farmland.
(ii) Removing rocks and other obstacles from the field.
(iii) Levelling uneven land for cultivation.
(iv) Constructing farm roads and access routes.
(v) Digging and clearing drainage channels.
(vi) Preparing land for irrigation projects.
(vii) Pushing and heaping soil during land development.
(viii) Assisting in the construction of farm buildings and structures.
(1d)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i) Spanner
(ii) Screwdriver
(iii) Pliers
(iv) Hammer
(v) Adjustable wrench
(vi) Grease gun
(vii) Oil can
(viii) Socket wrench
(ix) Allen key
(x) Wire brush
(xi) Tyre pressure gauge
(xii) Jack and wheel spanner
(xiii) Feeler gauge
(xiv) Chisel
(xv) File
=========================
(VERSION II)
(1ai)
Rural urban migration:
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i)It reduces the supply of labour on farms.
(ii)It leads to a shortage of young and energetic farmers.
(iii)It reduces the area of land cultivated.
(iv)It lowers agricultural output and productivity.
(v)It causes abandonment of some farmlands.
(vi)It increases the cost of farm labour due to scarcity of workers.
(vii)It encourages dependence on aged farmers.
(viii)It slows down the adoption of modern farming practices.
(ix)It reduces food production, leading to food shortages.
(x)It decreases the income generated from agricultural activities.
(1aii)
Inadequate Farm inputs:
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i)It results in low crop yield.
(ii)It reduces the quality of agricultural produce.
(iii)It limits the expansion of farm operations.
(iv)It encourages pest and disease infestation due to lack of chemicals.
(v)It lowers farmers’ income and profit.
(vi)It causes overall reduction in agricultural production.
(vii)It discourages farmers from investing in agriculture.
(viii)It leads to poor growth and development of crops and livestock.
(ix)It increases the cost of production per unit of output.
(x)It reduces the availability of food and raw materials.
(1aiii)
Inadequate Storage Facilities:
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i)It leads to high post-harvest losses.
(ii)It causes spoilage of farm produce.
(iii)It encourages attack by pests and rodents.
(iv)It reduces the quality and market value of produce.
(v)It causes scarcity of food during the off-season.
(vi)It reduces farmers’ income and discourages production.
(vii)It leads to wastage of perishable agricultural products.
(viii)It forces farmers to sell produce at very low prices after harvest.
(ix)It reduces the quantity of food available for consumption and processing.
(x)It affects the regular supply of agricultural products to the market.
(1b)
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i)Farm tools are simple hand-operated implements used for carrying out farm operations, while farm machinery are complex mechanical devices powered by engines or motors and used for agricultural work.
(ii)Farm tools depend mainly on human energy for their operation, whereas farm machinery depend on mechanical power such as fuel, electricity or tractors.
(iii)Farm tools are usually cheap and affordable for most farmers to purchase, while farm machinery are costly and require a large amount of capital to acquire.
(iv)Farm tools are mostly used on small-scale farms where the area of land is limited, whereas farm machinery are commonly used on large-scale farms to handle extensive farm operations.
(v)Farm tools perform farm work slowly and require more labour and time, while farm machinery carry out farm operations quickly and efficiently, saving labour and time.
(vi)Farm tools require little maintenance and can easily be repaired by the farmer, whereas farm machinery require regular servicing, skilled operators and specialized repairs.
(1c)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i)It is used for clearing bushes and vegetation.
(ii)It is used for uprooting tree stumps.
(iii)It is used for removing rocks and obstacles.
(iv)It is used for levelling uneven land.
(v)It is used for constructing farm roads.
(vi)It is used for pushing and moving soil.
(vii)It is used for land preparation on large farm
(1d)
(PICK ANY THREE)
(i)Spanner (Wrench)
(ii)Adjustable Spanner
(iii)Screwdriver
(iv)Pliers
(v)Hammer
(vi)Grease Gun
(vii)Oil Can
(viii)Socket Wrench
(ix)Jack
(x)Tyre Pressure Gauge
Waec 2026 Agriculture Answers
NUMBER 2
(2ai)
(PICK ANY ONE)
Horizon A: This is the topsoil layer of the soil profile. It contains a large amount of humus, organic matter, microorganisms, and plant nutrients. Most plant roots grow in this layer, making it the most fertile part of the soil.
OR
Horizon A: This is the uppermost layer of the soil profile. It is dark in colour due to the presence of humus and contains most of the nutrients needed for plant growth. It is the main layer where cultivation and root development occur
(2aii)
(PICK ANY ONE)
Horizon B: This is the subsoil layer located below Horizon A. It contains less organic matter but accumulates minerals and clay washed down from the topsoil. It is usually denser and less fertile than Horizon A.
OR
Horizon B: This is the layer beneath the topsoil. It is known as the zone of accumulation because minerals, clay, and other materials washed from Horizon A are deposited here. It contains less humus and fewer organisms than the topsoil.
(2aiii)
(PICK ANY ONE)
Horizon C: This consists of partially weathered parent rock materials. It contains very little organic matter and few living organisms. This layer serves as the source from which the upper soil layers are formed.
OR
Horizon C: This is made up of weathered rock fragments and partly broken-down parent materials. It contains little organic matter and is not very suitable for plant growth. It forms the transition between the subsoil and the parent rock.
(2aiv)
(PICK ANY ONE)
Horizon D: This is the bedrock or underlying parent rock layer. It is made up of solid, unweathered rock and forms the foundation of the soil profile. Little or no plant roots can penetrate this layer.
OR
Horizon D: This is the deepest layer of the soil profile. It consists of hard, unweathered parent rock from which the soil develops. It contains no humus and very few living organisms.
(2b)
(TABULAR FORM)
– Sedimentary rocks: Limestone, Dolomite, Coal
– Metamorphic rocks: Marble, Slate
– Igneous rocks: Gabbro
(2c)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Temperature affects the rate of seed germination.
(ii) It influences the growth and development of crops.
(iii) It affects the flowering, fruiting, and maturity of plants.
(iv) Temperature influences the distribution and productivity of livestock.
(v) It affects the rate of evaporation and soil moisture loss.
(vi) It influences the activities of pests and disease-causing organisms.
(vii) High temperatures may cause wilting and reduced crop yield.
(viii) It affects the rate of decomposition of organic matter in the soil.
Waec 2026 Agriculture Answers
NUMBER 3
(3ai)
(PICK ANY ONE)
Alley cropping is an agro-forestry practice in which food crops are grown between rows of trees or shrubs. The trees are regularly pruned to reduce shading, and the cut leaves are used as mulch or green manure to improve soil fertility and control erosion.
OR
Alley cropping is a farming method where crops are planted in the spaces (alleys) between rows of leguminous trees or shrubs. The trees help enrich the soil with nutrients, reduce wind damage, and prevent soil erosion while the crops grow.
(3aii)
(PICK ANY ONE)
Ley farming is a system where arable crops and pasture grasses or legumes are grown alternately on the same land. The pasture period helps restore soil fertility, improve soil structure, and provide feed for livestock before crop cultivation resumes.
OR
Ley farming is an agricultural system in which a piece of land is used for growing pasture grasses and legumes for some years and then used for cultivating food crops. This rotation helps maintain soil fertility and increases crop yield.
(3aiii)
(PICK ANY ONE)
The taungya system is an agro-forestry practice in which farmers grow food crops together with young forest trees on the same piece of land. The crops are cultivated until the trees become mature enough to form a canopy, after which farming activities stop and the area develops into a forest plantation.
OR
Taungya is a system of farming where farmers are allowed to cultivate food crops on land where forest trees are being established. The farmers care for both the crops and the young trees until the trees are fully established, after which cultivation is discontinued.
(3b)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) To improve soil fertility through the addition of organic matter.
(ii) To control soil erosion by protecting the soil surface.
(iii) To increase farmers’ income from tree and crop products.
(iv) To provide fuelwood for household and commercial use.
(v) To provide timber for construction and other uses.
(vi) To provide fodder for feeding livestock.
(vii) To conserve the environment and natural resources.
(viii) To protect crops from strong winds.
(ix) To make efficient use of available farmland.
(x) To improve crop yield and productivity.
(xi) To help reduce the effects of climate change.
(xii) To conserve soil moisture for crop growth.
(3ci)
(PICK ANY ONE)
The water cycle is the continuous movement of water between the earth’s surface and the atmosphere. The process begins when the sun heats water in oceans, rivers, lakes, and other water bodies. This causes the water to evaporate and rise into the atmosphere as water vapour. As the vapour rises, it cools and condenses to form clouds. When the clouds become saturated, water falls back to the earth as precipitation such as rain. Some of the rainwater flows into rivers and streams, while some infiltrates the soil to become groundwater. The water eventually returns to oceans, lakes, and other water bodies. This process continues repeatedly and is known as the water cycle.
OR
The water cycle is the natural circulation of water in the environment. It starts when water from oceans, seas, rivers, and lakes is heated by the sun and changes into water vapour. The vapour rises into the atmosphere and cools to form tiny droplets that make up clouds. As more droplets gather, the clouds become heavy and release water as rain. The rainwater falls on the land and into water bodies. Some of the water flows over the surface as runoff, while some seeps into the ground. The water is later returned to rivers, lakes, and oceans, where the cycle begins again.
(3cii)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Gravitational water
(ii) Capillary water
(iii) Hygroscopic water
Waec 2026 Agriculture Answers
NUMBER 4
Waec 2026 Agriculture Answers
NUMBER 5
(5ai)
Crop:
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) It serves as a temporary storage organ for feed.
(ii) It softens and moistens feed before digestion.
(iii) It regulates the passage of feed to the stomach.
(iv) It stores water taken by the bird.
(v) It allows feed to absorb moisture.
(vi) It prevents overloading of the stomach.
(vii) It serves as a reservoir for ingested food.
(5aii)
Gizzard
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) It grinds food mechanically.
(ii) It crushes hard grains and seeds.
(iii) It mixes food thoroughly.
(iv) It reduces food particles to smaller sizes.
(v) It works together with grit during digestion.
(vi) It increases the surface area of food for digestion.
(vii) It aids efficient digestion of feed.
(5aiii)
Small Intestine
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) It completes the digestion of food.
(ii) It absorbs digested nutrients.
(iii) It receives bile from the liver.
(iv) It receives digestive enzymes from the pancreas.
(v) It absorbs vitamins.
(vi) It absorbs mineral salts.
(vii) It transports absorbed nutrients into the bloodstream.
(5aiv)
Large Intestine
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) It absorbs water from undigested food.
(ii) It absorbs some mineral salts.
(iii) It forms faeces from waste materials.
(iv) It stores faeces temporarily.
(v) It passes waste materials to the cloaca.
(vi) It reduces excessive water loss from the body.
(vii) It aids the elimination of waste products.
(5bi)
(PICK ANY ONE)
Ration is the total quantity of feed given to an animal within a period of twenty-four hours to supply the nutrients required for normal body functions and productive activities.
OR
Ration is the daily allowance of food provided to an animal in the correct proportion to meet its needs for maintenance, growth, reproduction and production.
OR
Ration is a balanced combination of different feed ingredients containing all the essential nutrients needed by an animal for healthy growth and efficient performance in one day.
OR
Ration is the amount of feed consumed or supplied to an animal in a day to provide adequate energy, protein, vitamins, minerals and water necessary for survival and productivity.
(5bii)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Roughages contain a high proportion of fibre or cellulose.
(ii) They are bulky feeds and occupy a large volume in the digestive tract.
(iii) They have low digestible nutrient content.
(iv) They are generally low in energy value when compared with concentrates.
(v) They contain a high percentage of crude fibre, usually above 18%.
(vi) They require prolonged chewing and rumination before digestion.
(vii) They are relatively cheap and readily available to farmers.
(viii) They promote proper functioning and development of the rumen and digestive system.
(5c)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) They are used for the manufacture of ropes and twines.
(ii) They are used in the production of textiles and clothing materials.
(iii) They are used for making sacks, bags and packaging materials.
(iv) They are used in the manufacture of paper and cardboard.
(v) They are used for making mats and carpets.
(vi) They are used in the production of fishing nets.
(vii) They are used for making baskets and handicrafts.
(viii) They are used in the manufacture of brushes and brooms.
(ix) They are used for making upholstery and furnishing materials.
(x) They are used as raw materials in cottage and industrial crafts.
==================
(VERSION II))
(5ai) Crop:
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Temporary storage of feed.
(ii) Softens and moistens feed.
(iii) Regulates the passage of feed to the stomach.
(5aii) Gizzard:
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Grinds and crushes food mechanically.
(ii) Mixes food with digestive juices.
(iii) Reduces feed particles to smaller sizes.
(5aiii) Small intestine:
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Completes digestion of food.
(ii) Absorbs digested nutrients.
(iii) Receives enzymes and bile for digestion.
(5aiv) Large intestine:
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Absorbs water from undigested food.
(ii) Stores faeces before excretion.
(iii) Forms and compacts waste materials.
(5bi)
(PICK ANY ONE)
Ration is the total quantity of feed given to an animal within a 24-hour period to meet its maintenance, growth, production, and reproductive needs.
OR
Ration is a balanced combination of feed ingredients supplied to an animal daily to provide the nutrients required for normal body functions, growth, reproduction, and production.
(5bii)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) They contain a high proportion of fibre.
(ii) They are bulky in nature and occupy a large volume.
(iii) They have a low energy content.
(iv) They generally have a low protein content.
(v) They are rich in cellulose and lignin.
(vi) They are usually less digestible than concentrates.
(vii) They have a coarse and fibrous texture.
(5c)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Production of textiles and clothing materials.
(ii) Manufacture of ropes, twines and cords.
(iii) Making sacks, bags and carpets.
(iv) Production of paper and cardboard.
(v) Manufacture of mats, baskets and handicrafts.
(vi) Making fishing nets and brushes.
(vii) Production of upholstery and furnishing materials.
(viii) Reinforcement materials in composite products and building materials.
Waec 2026 Agriculture Answers
NUMBER 6
(6ai)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Harvesting the oranges carefully.
(ii) Sorting the oranges according to size and quality.
(iii) Grading the oranges into different classes.
(iv) Washing/Cleaning the fruits.
(v) Curing or drying surface moisture on the fruits.
(vi) Packaging the oranges in suitable containers.
(vii) Proper storage of the oranges.
(viii) Transportation of the oranges to the market.
(6aii)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) Construction and maintenance of good feeder roads.
(ii) Provision of efficient transportation facilities.
(iii) Establishment of storage and cold-room facilities.
(iv) Provision of credit facilities or loans to farmers.
(v) Establishment of marketing boards.
(vi) Provision of market information services.
(vii) Reduction of transportation taxes and levies.
(viii) Encouragement of agro-processing industries (e.g. juice factories).
(6b)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) Inadequate number of extension officers.
(ii) Poor road network to farming communities.
(iii) Lack of transportation facilities.
(iv) Insufficient government funding.
(v) Large farmer-to-extension officer ratio.
(vi) Inaccessibility of remote rural areas.
(vii) Poor remuneration of extension officers.
(viii) Lack of operational equipment and logistics.
(ix) Inadequate training and motivation of officers.
(x) Poor communication facilities in rural areas.
(6ci)
Cattle:
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i)Taenia saginata
(ii)Moniezia benedeni
(iii)Moniezia expansa
(6cii)
Pig:
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i)Taenia solium
(ii)Taenia hydatigena
(iii)Echinococcus granulosus
(6d)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Deworm pigs regularly with recommended drugs.
(ii) Maintain proper sanitation on the farm.
(iii) Dispose of faeces properly.
(iv) Prevent pigs from roaming or scavenging freely.
(v) Provide clean and uncontaminated feed.
(vi) Supply clean drinking water at all times.
(vii) Inspect pork properly before consumption or processing.
(viii) Isolate and treat infected pigs promptly.
(ix) Keep pig pens clean and disinfect them regularly.
(x) Prevent contamination of pig feed and water with human faeces.
=================
(VERSION II)
(6ai)
(PICK ANY FOUR)
(i) Sorting and grading of the oranges.
(ii) Packaging the oranges in suitable containers.
(iii) Storage of the produce to prevent spoilage.
(iv) Transportation of the oranges to markets.
(v) Advertising and promotion of the produce.
(vi) Processing some of the oranges into juice or other products.
(6aii)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) Provision of good road networks.
(ii) Provision of storage and cold-room facilities.
(iii) Subsidizing transportation costs.
(iv) Establishment of organized produce markets.
(v) Providing credit facilities to farmers and traders.
(vi) Supporting agricultural marketing boards and cooperatives.
(vii) Encouraging agro-processing industries to purchase the oranges.
(viii) Providing market information and extension services.
(6b)
(PICK ANY FIVE)
(i) Inadequate number of extension agents.
(ii) Poor road network to farming communities.
(iii) Lack of transportation facilities for extension agents.
(iv) Insufficient funding of extension services.
(v) Large farmer-to-extension-agent ratio.
(vi) Inaccessibility of remote rural areas.
(vii) Lack of motivation and incentives for extension workers.
(viii) Poor communication facilities in rural areas.
(ix) Inadequate training of extension personnel.
(x) Shortage of equipment and logistics needed for field work.
(6c)
(i) Cattle: Taenia saginata
(ii) Pig: Taenia solium
(6d)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Maintain good sanitation and hygiene on the farm.
(ii) Regularly deworm pigs with appropriate anthelmintic drugs.
(iii) Provide clean feed and drinking water.
(iv) Dispose of faeces properly to prevent contamination.
(v) Prevent pigs from scavenging freely.
(vi) Keep pig pens clean and disinfect them regularly.
(vii) Isolate and treat infected animals promptly.
(viii) Ensure proper meat inspection and avoid feeding pigs contaminated materials.
(ix) Control intermediate hosts and sources of infection.
(x) Educate farm workers on good hygiene practices.
COMPLETED
Waec 2026 Agriculture Answers
Waec 2026 Agriculture Answers
Waec 2026 Agriculture Answers
Waec 2026 Agriculture Answers
Waec 2026 Agriculture Answers
Waec 2026 Agriculture Answers
Waec 2026 Agriculture Answers
Waec 2026 Agriculture Answers
Waec 2026 Agriculture Answers
Waec 2026 Agriculture Answers
Waec 2026 Agriculture Answers
Waec 2026 Agriculture Answers
Waec 2026 Agriculture Answers
Waec 2026 Agriculture Answers
Waec 2026 Agriculture Answers
Waec 2026 Agriculture Answers
Waec 2026 Agriculture Answers
Waec 2026 Agriculture Answers
Waec 2026 Agriculture Answers
Waec 2026 Agriculture Answers
Waec 2026 Agriculture Answers
Waec 2026 Agriculture Answers
Waec 2026 Agriculture Answers
Waec 2026 Agriculture Answers
Waec 2026 Agriculture Answers
Waec 2026 Agriculture Answers
Waec 2026 Agriculture Answers
Waec 2026 Agriculture Answers
Waec 2026 Agriculture Answers
Waec 2026 Agriculture Answers
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