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Friday 11th July, 2025 
Animal Husbandry (Objective & Essay) 10:00 am – 12:00 noon

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ANIMAL HUSBANDRY SOLUTION

Animal-husbandry-Obj
1-10:CBEAACECCC
11-20:EEECCBBDBE
21-30:BCACBCCEBA
31-40:DCADEEAAAC

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SECTION B
Answer Any Four(4) Questions Only!

(1ai)
(i)Diaphragm relaxation and upward movement
(ii)External intercostal muscle relaxation

(1aii)
(i)Gaseous exchange
(ii)Thermoregulation

(1b)
(i)Kidneys: Urea, excess water, and mineral salts (excreted as urine).
(ii)Lungs: Carbon dioxide and water vapor (exhaled).
(iii)Skin: Water and mineral salts (excreted as sweat in some animals).

(2a)
Castration is the removal or inactivation of the testicles in male animals, primarily to prevent reproduction, improve meat quality, and manage aggressive behavior.

(2b)
(i)Hot branding
(ii)Freeze branding

(2c)
(i)When a cow consistently produces less milk than desired.
(ii)Infertility or repeated breeding failures
(iii)Chronic diseases, lameness, or mastitis that are unresponsive to treatment.

(2d)
(i)Flaying/Slaughtering
(ii)Curing/Preservation
(iii)Tannery processing/Sale

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(3a)
Stocking rate: The stocking rate in rangeland management refers to the number of animals or animal units that can graze on a specific area of rangeland for a defined period without causing damage to the vegetation or soil.

(3aii)
(i)Rotational grazing
(ii)Efficient utilization of forage

(3b)
(i)Lactating animals:
Dairy cows, goats, or sheep producing milk.
(ii)Growing/Finishing animals:
Young animals being raised for meat production (e.g., beef cattle, pigs, broiler chickens).

(3c)
Fill The Table

-UNDER-Nutritional Disease-
(i)ketosis
(ii)perosis

-UNDER One cause-
(i)Energy deficit, especially in high-producing dairy cows
(ii)Manganese deficiency, especially in poultry

-UNDER One symptom-
(i)Loss of appetite, decreased milk production, sweet-smelling breath
(ii)Swollen hocks, difficulty walking, bowed legs

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(4ai)
Progeny Selection: This involves selecting breeding animals based on the performance and characteristics of their offspring (progeny).

(4aii)
Cross Breeding: This is the mating of animals from two different breeds to produce offspring with a combination of desirable traits from both parent breeds.

(4b)
(i)Requires skilled personnel and specialized equipment, increasing costs.
(ii)Risk of disease transmission if proper hygiene and sanitization are not maintained.
(iii)Potential for inbreeding if semen from a limited number of sires is used extensively.
(iv)Lower conception rates if the timing of insemination is not precise or if the semen quality is poor.

(4c)
Genes are segments of DNA that carry the genetic information for a specific trait or characteristic. WHILE Alleles are different forms or variations of a particular gene, located at the same locus on homologous chromosomes.

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(5a)
(i)Vaccination
(ii)Biosecurity Measures

(5b)
(i) Deworming: The process of administering anthelmintic drugs to animals to eliminate or reduce the burden of internal parasites (worms) in their digestive system.
(ii) Drenching: The method of administering liquid medication, typically anthelmintics, orally to animals using a drenching gun or bottle.

(5c)
(i) Virus: Newcastle Disease
(ii) Bacterium: Fowl Cholera
(iii) Fungus: Aspergillosis
(iv) Protozoan: Coccidiosis

 

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