Waec 2026 Biology Questions and Answers (Essay & Objective )

(1ai)
Pollination

(1aii)
(PICK ANY ONE)
Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of the same flower or another flower of the same species. Bees carry pollen on their bodies while collecting nectar, thereby transferring pollen between flowers and promoting fertilization.

OR

Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther to the stigma of a flower of the same species. In this case, bees act as pollinating agents by carrying pollen grains on their bodies from one flower to another while collecting nectar, thereby making fertilization possible.

(1bi)
BEES:
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Hairy body that traps pollen grains.
(ii) Long proboscis/tongue for sucking nectar.
(iii) Ability to fly from flower to flower.
(iv) Keen sense of smell for locating flowers.
(v) Legs adapted with pollen baskets (corbiculae) for carrying pollen.

(1bii)
PLANTS:
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Brightly coloured petals.
(ii) Sweet smelling flowers.
(iii) Presence of nectar.
(iv) Large conspicuous flowers.
(v) Sticky pollen grains.
(vi) Flowers that provide landing platforms for insects.

(1c)
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) IT provides nectar as food.
(ii) It provides pollen as food.
(iii) It provides resting sites.
(iv) It supplies materials used in hive activities.

(1di)
(i) Androecium
(ii) Gynoecium

(1dii)
(i) Calyx
(ii) Corolla

(1e)
(PICK ANY ONE)
Double fertilization is a process in flowering plants where two male nuclei enter the embryo sac. One male nucleus fuses with the egg cell to form a diploid zygote, while the second male nucleus fuses with the two polar nuclei to form the triploid endosperm, which nourishes the developing embryo.

OR

Double fertilization occurs when the pollen tube releases two male nuclei into the embryo sac. One nucleus fertilizes the ovum to form a zygote, while the second nucleus combines with the polar nuclei to form the endosperm.

(1f)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Dry pod that splits open when ripe
(ii) Fruit bursts suddenly, scattering seeds away from the parent plant.
(iii) Lightweight seeds that can be thrown some distance.
(iv) Tough pod that stores tension before splitting.

(1g)
Cowpea – Marginal
Okra – Axile
Pawpaw – Parietal

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VERSION II

(1a)
Pollination

(1aii)
Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of the same flower or another flower of the same species, often carried out by agents such as bees.

OR

Pollination is the transfer of pollen grains from the anther of a flower to the stigma of the same flower or another flower of the same species by bees. As bees visit flowers in search of nectar, they carry pollen from one flower to another, thereby bringing about pollination.

(1b)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Hairy body that traps and carries pollen grains.
(ii) Long proboscis (tongue) for sucking nectar.
(iii) Well-developed sense of smell for locating flowers.
(iv)Strong wings for moving from flower to flower.
(v)Pollen baskets (corbiculae) on hind legs for collecting pollen.

(1bii)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) Brightly coloured petals that attract bees.
(ii) Sweet scent/fragrance.
(iii) Production of nectar as a reward for bees.
(iv) Large/conspicuous flowers that are easy to locate.
(v)Sticky or rough pollen grains that adhere to bees.

(1c)
(PICK ANY ONE)
(i) The plants provide nectar which serves as food for the bees.

(ii) The plants provide pollen grains which are a source of protein for the bees.

(iii) The flowers provide shelter/resting places for the bees.

(iv)The plants provide sites for feeding and collecting materials needed for the survival of the bee colony.

(1di)
(i)Androecium (stamens)
(ii)Gynoecium (pistil/carpel)

(1dii)
(i) Petals (corolla)
(ii) Sepals (calyx)

(1e)
(PICK ANY ONE)
Double fertilization is the process in flowering plants whereby two male nuclei from the pollen tube take part in fertilization. One male nucleus fuses with the egg cell to form a zygote, while the other fuses with the two polar nuclei to form the endosperm.

OR

In double fertilization, the pollen tube carries two male gametes into the embryo sac. One male gamete fertilizes the ovum to form the zygote, while the second male gamete combines with the polar nuclei to produce the triploid endosperm which nourishes the developing embryo.

(1f)
(PICK ANY TWO)
(i) The fruit is a dry pod which favours splitting and seed release.
(ii) The fruit splits open explosively when ripe, scattering the seeds.
(iii) The pod has an elastic pericarp which aids explosive dehiscence.
(iv) The fruit has a tough pericarp which builds up tension before splitting.
(v) The fruit contains many seeds, increasing the chances of successful dispersal.
(vi) The seeds are small and light, making them easy to scatter when the pod bursts.

(1g)
Cowpe = Margina placentation
Okra = Axile placentation
Pawpaw = Parietal placentation