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If you’re preparing for the WAEC GCE 2025 Biology exam, this updated guide from EXAMRUNZ.COM will help you score high with verified Waec GCE 2025 Biology Questions And Answers

Wednesday, 26th November, 2025
Biology 2 (Essay) – 1hr 40mins – 08:30 hrs – 10:10 hrs.
Biology 1 (Objective) – 50mins – 10:10 hrs – 11:00 hrs.

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Waec GCE 2025 Biology Questions And Answers 

OBJECTIVE ANSWERS

1. The correct answer is A. petiole.
2. The correct answer is A. Osmosis.
3. The correct answer is B. Osmosis.
4. The correct answer is C. Increase in food and energy needs.
5. The correct answer is C. centriole, formation of spindle fibers.
6. The correct sequence is: A. spiracle, trachea, tracheole, body fluid.
7. The answer is: A. P, Q
8. The answer is: B. is lost during transformation.
9. The answer is: D. arrangement of chromosomes at the equator.
10. The answer is: D. xylem.
11. The answer is: C. hepatic portal vein and inferior vena cava.
12. The answer is: C. capillaries.
13. The answer is: A. raker.
14. The answer is: D. III is forklike to sieve debris from entering the fish.15. B insufficient secretion of thyroxine
16. B coloration of the sclera
17. A they are transported through the blood
18. A axile
19. D berry
20. D an achene
21. A fixation of carbon (IV) oxide
22. C nitrogen
23. D lymph in the lacteal
24. B the PH of the medium is altered
25. C colon
26. C molar crushes food

27. C. sea.
28. B. I and III.
29. C. II and IV.
30. A. Chemosynthesis in organisms
31. B. sunlight.
32. D. ensures a greater chance of survival
33. B. carbon cycle.
34. A. industrial chimneys, combustion and effluents.
35. C. An evergreen climax forest
36. D. kill most strains of bacteria.
37. A. conserving the soil by reducing erosion.

48. The correct answer is B. structural.
49. The correct answer is D. protection.
50. The correct answer is B. inheritance of acquired characteristics.

Waec GCE 2025 Biology Questions And Answers

(1a) A conditioned reflex is a learned response in which an originally neutral stimulus becomes associated with another stimulus and eventually produces a response on its own.
It is acquired through experience and training, unlike natural (innate) reflexes which are present at birth.

(1aii)
(i) Helps animals adapt to their environment by learning new responses.
(ii) Assists in survival by learning to avoid danger or harmful situations.
(iii) Enables animals to form habits that improve feeding, communication, and general behaviour.

(1b)
(i) Sensory neurones
(ii) Motor neurones
(iii) Relay (intermediate) neurones

(1c)
(i) Blinking of the eye
(ii) Knee-jerk reaction
(iii) Withdrawal of hand from a hot object
(iv) Pupil constriction in bright light

(1d) TABULATE
Hormonal coordination
(i) Generally slower, long lasting effects
(ii) Uses chemical messengers ( hormones ) carried by blood
(iii) Effects are widespread and diffuse

Nervous coordination
(i) Very rapid, short – lived effects
(ii) Uses electrical impulses via neurons
(iii) Effects are precise and localized

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Waec GCE 2025 Biology Questions And Answers

(2a)
(i) ATP: Adenosine Triphosphate
(ii) NADP: Nicotinamide Ade
ine Dinucleotide Phosphate
(iii) ADP: Adenosine Diphosphate

(2b) Chloroplasts contains chlorophyll, which absorbs sunlight. This light energy is used to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose during photosynthesis.

(2c)
| Elements | One importance of element in: |
|—|—|
| | plants | animals |
| Calcium | Cell wall structure | Bone and teeth formation |
| Sodium | Osmotic balance | Nerve impulse transmission |
| Oxygen | Photosynthesis | Respiration |
| Iron | Chlorophyll synthesis | Oxygen transport in blood |

(2di)
(i)Amino acids
(ii)Glucose

(2dii)
* Amino acids:
(i) Building and repairing tissues
(ii) Production of enzymes and hormones

* Glucose:
(i)Source of energy for cells
(ii) Storage as glycogen

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Waec GCE 2025 Biology Questions And Answers

(4ai)
Mutation plays a role in evolution by introducing genetic variation, providing new traits that can be acted upon by natural selection, potentially leading to the emergence of new species.

(4aii)
(i)Fossil record
(ii)Comparative anatomy
(iii)Molecular biology (e.g., DNA and protein sequence similarities)

(4bi)
under Two scientists:
(i)Charles Darwin
(ii)Alfred Russel Wallace

Waec GCE 2025 Biology Questions And Answers
(4bii)
Under Famous theory of evolution:
Theory of Natural Selection (by Charles Darwin)

(4c)
(i) Spirogyra, Moss, Fern, Conifer, Maize

(ii) Tilapia, Toad, Lizard, Monkey, Human

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Waec GCE 2025 Biology Questions And Answers

(5a)
Courtship behaviour is the set of actions or displays carried out by animals to attract a mate and prepare for reproduction. These behaviours increase the likelihood of successful mating and often involve visual displays, vocalizations, or chemical signals.

(5aii)
(i) elaborate dances
(ii) vocalizations
(iii) physical contests.

(5bi)
[TABULATE]

=Complete metamorphosis=
(i) Involves four distinct stages: egg, larva, pupa, and adult.
(ii) The larval stage looks completely different from the adult

=Incomplete metamorphosis=
(i) Involves three stages: egg, nymph, and adult
(ii) The nymph stage resembles a smaller, wingless version of the adult.

(5bii)
(i) Complete metamorphosis: Butterflies and beetles

(ii) Incomplete metamorphosis: Grasshoppers and cockroaches

(5ci)
(a) Food
(b) Water
(c) Shelter/Space
(d) Mates

(5cii)
(a) Atmospheric carbon dioxide
(b) Respiration of organisms
(c) Decomposition of organic matter
(d) Combustion of fossil fuels

Waec GCE 2025 Biology Questions And Answers
(5d)
[TABULATE]

=THREE AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES=
(i) Deforestation
(ii) Excessive use of fertilizers
(iii) Overgrazing

=TWO ADVERSE EFFECTS EACH OF THE AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITY ON THE ECOSYSTEM=
(i) (a) Habitat loss
(b) Soil erosion

(ii) (a) Eutrophication of water bodies
(b) Soil acidification

(iii) (a) Desertification
(b) Loss of vegetation cover

(5e)
(i) Nutrient and oxygen supply to the fetus
(ii) Waste removal from the fetus

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